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Total Parenteral Feeding of Rats with an Acetoacetate Monoglyceride and Glucose Mixture^{1, 2,}

Department of Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, C.S. 10008, Toledo, OH 43699

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by means of monoacetoacetin (glycerol monoacetoacetate) was compared with TPN by using glucose-glycerol. Growth and urinary nitrogen, copper and zinc over 7 d and leucine dynamics on the last day were studied. Complete intravenous diets were administered to five groups of rats which were differentiated by receiving 45 kcal/d (group A) or 65 kcal/d (group C) from a 50% glucose-50% glycerol mixture, 45 kcal/d (group B) or 65 kcal/d (group D) from a 67% monoacetoacetin-33% glucose mixture, or 45 kcal/d (group E) from 100% monoacetoacetin. Leucine kinetics were determined by continuous infusion. Animals from groups A and C were hyperglycemic and normoketonemic, groups B and D were normoglycemic and hyperketonemic, and group E tended to be normoglycemic and hyperketonemic. Group B rats gained weight and retained the most nitrogen while groups A and E lost weight and groups C and D maintained their weight. Nitrogen losses correlated with weight changes. Urinary copper and zinc were not increased by giving ketone bodies. Leucine kinetics were found to be low for group C compared to its energy-matched group, and leucine metabolism was not correlated with nitrogen output and growth. The data suggest that a monoacetoacetin-glucose mixture is preferable as a nonprotein energy source for TPN when compared to either substance alone.

KEY WORDS: • ketone bodies • nitrogen • leucine kinetics • zinc • copper • trace minerals • monoacetoacetin • intravenous nutrition

¹ This work supported in part by a grant from Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. and by NIH Grant GM-23065 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

² Parts of this work were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition held in Washington, DC, May 4–5, 1984, and at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology held in Anaheim, CA, April 21–26, 1985.

Manuscript received 14 January 1985. Revision accepted 23 December 1985.