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High Fat Diets Varying in Ratios of Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acid and Linoleic to Linolenic Acid: A Comparison of Rat Neural and Red Cell Membrane Phospholipids¹

Susan E. Carlson^{2,*, ,}, Jane D. Carver^* and Stephen G. House^*

^* Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 North 30th Street, Tampa, FL 33620 Department of Pediatrics/Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216

The polyunsaturated-saturated (P/S) fatty acid, and linoleic-linolenic (18:2n6/18:3n3) acid ratios of diets fed to rats were varied independently during pregnancy, lactation and, in the young, for 8 d after premature weaning. The intent was to alter the proportion of membrane phospholipid fatty acids derived from 18:2n6 and 18:3n3 in the developing rat, and to compare changes in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in membranes from the central nervous system with those of the red blood cell. All experimental diets contained 40% of energy from fat. Similar relative changes in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acid pattern occurred in both neural and red blood cell membranes when dietary 18:2n6/18:3n3 was increased from 7 to 240. Docosapentaenoate (22:5n6) from 18:2n6 increased, and docosapentaenoate (22:5n3) and docosahexaenoate (22:6n3) from 18:3n3 decreased in both types of membranes. On the other hand, P/S ratios of 0.3 and 1.6 at a constant ratio of 18:2n6/18:3n3 produced identical membrane phospholipid fatty acid patterns. Both red blood cell and neural membranes show the same relative effects of modification of dietary lipids on the composition of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

KEY WORDS: • docosahexaenoate • polyunsaturated-saturated fatty acid • linoleate-linolenate ratio • brain • red blood cell • rat

¹ This project was supported by BRSG Grant 2 S07 RR05749 awarded by the Biomedical Research Support Grant Program, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. The work was performed at the University of South Florida in Tampa, FL.

² Present address: as above, Jackson, MS.

Manuscript received 28 May 1985. Revision accepted 23 December 1985.

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