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Role of Adipocyte Precursors in the Onset of Obesity Induced by Overfeeding in Suckling Rats¹

Unité de Recherches sur la Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U.177, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75270 Paris, Cedex 06, France

Rats were overfed during the suckling period by litter size manipulation in order to investigate the possible contribution of preadipocytes from the stromavascular compartment of adipose tissue to the development of obesity. Rats raised in litters of four pups were overfed; for normal feeding we assigned eight pups per litter. As early as 10 d of age, overfed rats became fatter than controls, and showed an increase in both plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels. At this age, adipose tissue overdevelopment arose only from adipocyte hypertrophy, since hyperplasia occurred only at 15 d of age. Concurrently, compared to normal feeding, overfeeding led to significantly higher activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in mature fat cells; 10-d-old overfed pups exhibited a higher stromal cell number. Further separation of this heterogeneous fraction by density gradient centrifugation showed a higher preadipocyte number as compared to that of controls. In stromal cells, LPL, GPDH, GPAT and acyl CoA ligase activities were detected during the suckling period. As compared to controls, overfeeding induced an increase in both LPL and GPDH activities in 10-d-old pups. Results indicate that overfeeding in early life induced an excess of fat storage capacity through a simultaneous increase in proliferation and differentiation rates of adipocyte precursors.

KEY WORDS: • adipose tissue development • overnutrition • lipid metabolism • obesity • preadipocytes

¹ This work was supported in part by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, grant no. 82.70.22.

Manuscript received 29 April 1985. Revision accepted 10 December 1985.

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