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Muscle Creatine Content in Rats Given Repeated Large Doses of Nicotinamide: Effects of Dietary Methionine, Choline, Carnitine, and Other Supplements¹

Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024 ^* Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033

Rats fed a 12% casein diet without added choline were chronically injected with pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide (NAM) for 18 to 28 d in three experiments. In addition to fatty livers and lower weight gains, the creatine content of heart and skeletal muscle was lower in NAM-treated than in control saline-injected rats. Dietary supplements of methionine prevented these alterations, and choline, depending on the level of supplementation, also had some similar effects. No consistent responses could be demonstrated by supplements of carnitine, histidine or folic acid plus vitamin B-12.

KEY WORDS: • nicotinamide administration • methylation • methyl group deficiency • fatty livers • creatine • creatinine • methionine • choline • carnitine • histidine • folic acid • vitamin B-12

¹ Supported by the Science and Education Administration of the USDA under Grant No. 59-2065-1-1-661-0 from the Competitive Research Grants Office.

² Address reprint requests to: Marian Swendseid, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024.

Manuscript received 16 January 1986. Revision accepted 17 July 1986.