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Plasma, Tissue and Fecal Cholesterol of Young Pigs Fed Restricted or Liberal Amounts of Beef, Soy or Conventional Diets^{1, 2,}

Department of Animal Science, Nutritional Physiology Group, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Cholesterol disposition (tissue deposition + fecal excretion) was determined in young pigs fed restricted (trial 1) or liberal (trial 2) amounts of beef-based, soy-based or conventional swine diets. Cholesterol content of diet is greater than average United States consumption per kilogram body weight but is very similar on a per-kilocalorie intake basis. Both beef and soy diets contained more cholesterol (0.09% by weight vs. 0%) and fat (40–50% of calories vs. 8–9%) than did conventional diets. Dried egg yolk was the source of cholesterol in the soy diets. Beef- and soy-fed pigs had greater plasma, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations than did conventionally fed pigs; beef-fed pigs had greater plasma, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations than did soy-fed pigs in trial 2 only. Final HDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratios did not differ. Neutral steroid and bile acid excretion was twofold greater in soy-fed than in conventionally or beef-fed pigs in trial 2 only. Differences in cholesterol concentrations were found in liver (soy, beef > conventional) and heart (soy > beef, conventional) in trial 1 and in liver (soy, beef > conventional), adipose tissue (soy > conventional > beef) and aorta and other viscera (conventional > soy, beef) in trial 2. In both trials, soy-fed pigs had greatest whole-body cholesterol concentrations. Thus, in both trials, disposition of cholesterol was similar in conventionally fed and beef-fed pigs, despite greater cholesterol intake in the latter, but was greater in soy-fed pigs.

KEY WORDS: • beef • soy • pigs • feed restriction • cholesterol

¹ Journal Paper J-11720 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Project No. 2505. Presented in part at the 67th Annual Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, April 1983 (Fed. Proc. 42, 673) and at the 75th Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, May 1984 (J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61, 700–701).

² Supported in part by funds provided by Iowa Beef Industry Council, Ames, IA. D. A. Diersen-Schade gratefully acknowledges the Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, MO for support through a Ralston Purina Research Fellowship (1979–1982).

³ Current address: Nutritional Science Department, Mead Johnson Nutritional Division, Evansville, IN 47721.

⁴ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 28 May 1985. Revision accepted 7 June 1986.