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Effects of Beef, Soy and Conventional Diets on Body Composition and Plasma Lipids of Young Pigs Fed Restricted or Liberal Amounts of Diet^1,2,

Department of Animal Science, Nutritional Physiology Group, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Effects were determined of restricted and liberal feeding of beef-based, soy-based and conventional diets on growth rate, nutrient absorption, body composition and plasma lipid and urea concentrations of young pigs. Beef and soy diets contained more fat (40–50% of calories vs. 8–9%) and cholesterol (0.09 vs. 0%) than did conventional diets; calorie and protein intakes were equal across diets. Beef-fed pigs had greater average daily gain and absorption of fat and gross energy than did conventionally fed pigs; soy-fed pigs had intermediate growth rates but the greatest absorption of fat and gross energy. With restricted intakes, percentage of body fat was greater in soy-fed pigs than in pigs fed a conventional diet or beef and with liberal feeding, greater in soy- and beef-fed pigs than in pigs provided with a conventional diet. Plasma free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were greater in soy- and beef-fed pigs than in conventionally fed pigs. These results indicate that absorption and subsequent partitioning of nutrients toward body fat are influenced by composition as well as the amount of diet consumed. Our results also demonstrate that the pig can successfully be fed diets resembling human diets (i.e., high fat) and because of its physiological similarities to humans our understanding of nutrition and lipid metabolism of humans may be advanced.

KEY WORDS: • beef • soy • pigs • feed restriction • plasma lipids • nutrient partitioning

¹ Journal Paper J-11643 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Project No. 2505.

² Supported in part by funds provided by Iowa Beef Industry Council, Ames, IA. D. A. Diersen-Schade gratefully acknowledges the Ralston Purina Company, St. Louis, MO, for support through a Ralston Purina Research Fellowship (1979–1982).

³ Current address: Nutritional Science Department, Mead Johnson Nutritional Division, Evansville, IN 47721.

⁴ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 5 November 1984. Revision accepted 16 April 1985.

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