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Chloride and Phosphate as Impediments to Silica Urinary Calculi in Rats Fed Tetraethylorthosilicate¹

Station Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007

Rats fed a dextrose-casein type of diet adequate for normal growth and containing 2% of tetraethylorthosilicate (TES) were used to study the effect of NaCl and Na₂SO₄ drinking waters, and dietary additions of chloride, sulfate and phosphate on formation of silica urinary calculi. In experiment 1, rats fed the basal-TES diet had a 53% incidence of silica urinary calculi. NaCl or Na₂SO₄ (0.07 N) drinking waters each increased (P < 0.01) water intake and urine volume, whereas only NaCl reduced (P < 0.05) the incidence of silica urinary calculi. The incidence of calculi in the rats treated with NaCl and Na₂SO₄ was 15 and 55%, respectively. The saline waters had similar effects on urine pH, silica, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, as well as blood plasma magnesium and calcium. Plasma phosphorus tended to be higher (P = 0.08) in the NaCl-treated rats. In experiment 2, 50% of rats fed the basal-TES diet developed silica urinary calculi. Addition of 0.2 eq/kg diet of chloride, sulfate or phosphate as sodium salts (phosphate was an equal molar mixture of mono- and dibasic sodium phosphates) resulted in a reduction in silica urinary calculi (P < 0.05) by dietary chloride (15% incidence) and phosphate (5% incidence) but not by sulfate (35% incidence). Water intake and urine volumes did not differ, urine calcium was increased (P < 0.05) by sulfate, and urine phosphorus was increased (P < 0.05) by phosphate. Blood plasma concentrations of calcium and magnesium did not differ, but plasma phosphorus was higher for animals fed the additional phosphate (P < 0.1) or chloride (P < 0.05) in the 2% TES diet.

KEY WORDS: • chloride • phosphate • sulfate • silica • urinary calculi

¹ Published with approval of the Director of South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station as publication 1958 of the Journal Series.

Manuscript received 22 September 1983.