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Effects of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium on Intranephronic Calculosis in Rats^1,2,

Department of Comparative and Experimental Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 and Division of Radiobiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112

The effects of varying dietary levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium on the incidence and severity of intranephronic calculosis were studied. Renal calculi were induced by feeding female rats the AIN-76^TM semipurified diet for 4 weeks. During this time period, dietary levels of 350, 450 or 550 mg calcium per 100 g diet did not influence the occurrence of urolithiasis. Increasing dietary magnesium levels from 50 to 350 mg was beneficial in preventing the occurrence of calculi if the diet contained 400 mg or less phosphorus. The protective effects of dietary magnesium were counteracted when dietary phosphorus levels were increased from 400 mg to 550 or 700 mg. If the dietary content of phosphorus and magnesium permitted the formation of renal calculi, the severity of the condition was also influenced by the dietary level of calcium. Some animal groups fed semipurified diets did not have microscopic or radiographic evidence of renal calculi but were found to have significantly elevated renal calcium values. It was suggested that these animals might be in a precalculus-forming state.

KEY WORDS: • intranephronic calculosis • nephrolithiasis • nephrocalcinosis • renal stone • renal calculi • hydroxyapatite • dietary calcium • phosphorus • magnesium

¹ Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Journal Series No. 5311.

² Research supported, in part, by National Research Service Award AM-06591.

Manuscript received 15 December 1983.