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Development of Hepatic Steatosis and Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Rats with Hypercaloric, Fat-Free Parenteral Nutrition^1,2,

Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Nutrition Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

Intravenous (i.v.) infusion of excessive energy has been associated with hepatic steatosis. The time course of liver lipid accumulation was examined during 6 days of i.v. hyperalimentation with fat-free infusate. Adult male rats with indwelling superior vena cava cannulas received a dextrose-amino acid infusate for 0, , 1, 2, 4 or 6 days to provide 146% of nonprotein energy requirement [350 nonprotein kcal/(kg · day)] and 335% of nitrogen requirement [2.7 g amino nitrogen/(kg · day)]. Significant hepatomegaly was apparent by day . Initially, glycogen deposition accounted for the liver enlargement, but after day 2, liver glycogen was declining and liver lipid was increasing. By day 4, liver lipid had increased fourfold and was the major contributor to hepatomegaly. Concurrent with fatty liver metamorphosis, hepatic essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) developed by day 4; liver linoleic acid levels had dropped from 20 to 1% of total fatty acids, and liver triene:tetraene ratio was 0.68. Similar changes in hepatic phospholipid fatty acids were observed. Enhanced lipogenesis and impaired lipid transport is known to accompany EFAD and may underlie the observed steatosis. A doubling of plasma cholesterol levels was also associated with steatosis. The mechanism leading to this increase in plasma cholesterol warrants further investigation.

KEY WORDS: • total parenteral nutrition • fatty liver • essential fatty acid deficiency

¹ This research was supported in part by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and by grants from the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health AM 30843 and P30 AM 26659.

² A preliminary report was presented at the Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology in Chicago, IL, April 1983, Fed. Proc. 42:1070, 1983.

Manuscript received 17 February 1984.

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