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Suppression of Avian Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Solvent Extracts of Garlic: Impact on Serum Lipids^1,2,

Asaf A. Qureshi^*, Z. Z. Din^*, N. Abuirmeileh³, W. C. Burger^*, Y. Ahmad^* and C. E. Elson

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Barley and Malt Laboratory, 501 N. Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53705 and ^* Department of Agronomy and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

The effects of garlic on lipid metabolism were examined in White Leghorn pullets that had been fed for 4 weeks either a control diet based on corn and soybean meal or an experimental diet containing either 3.8% garlic paste, a solvent extract (petroleum ether, methanol and water in sequence) of garlic paste, the residue or commercial garlic oil. Significant decreases in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (79–83%), cholesterol 7-hydroxylase (43–51%), fatty acid synthetase (17–29%) and in representative pentose-phosphate pathway (23–39%) activities accompanied the feeding of the petroleum ether-, methanol- and water-soluble fractions of garlic. Garlic paste and oil also suppressed these activities. Significant decreases in serum lipids occurred in response to the feeding of these garlic fractions: serum total cholesterol by 20–25%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 28–41% and triglycerides by 10–26%; but high density lipoprotein cholesterol failed to respond to these treatments. The residue remaining after solvent fractionation had little influence on these parameters. These findings were substantiated by a second study in which pullets of a commercial broiler line were fed the garlic fractions. The results confirm that garlic oil and odorous components of garlic lower cholesterol levels. An odorless water-soluble component of garlic also has this effect. The mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic action is at the level of the suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis.

KEY WORDS: • garlic constituents • chicken • lipogenesis • cholesterol synthesis • fatty acid synthesis • low-density lipoprotein cholesterol • serum cholesterol

¹ This investigation was supported in part by Hatch-funds No. 1718, 150A-100 and 142-2656 of the Res. Div., College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

² Cooperative investigation between the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

³ Present address: Director, Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Manuscript received 1 December 1982.