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Dietary NaCl Loads Promote Calciuria and Bone Loss in Adult Oophorectomized Rats Consuming a Low Calcium Diet¹

Department of Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand

This study was undertaken to determine whether dietary supplements of NaCl would exaggerate osteopenia in oophorectomized (OOPX) rats consuming a low calcium (0.01% Ca) diet. Thirty 300 g OOPX rats with ⁴⁵Ca-labeled bones were studied. Animals in group 1 were killed at the start of the experiment, whereas those in groups 2 and 3 were fed a low calcium diet for 2 months. Group 3 rats received NaCl (8 g/100 g diet). Salt increased the urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, phosphate, cyclic AMP, ⁴⁵Ca and hydroxyproline but did not augment fecal excretion of calcium or ⁴⁵Ca. Salt caused bone loss. The femora of NaCl-treated rats contained less ⁴⁵Ca, less calcium, less phosphate and less mineral ash than those of rats killed at the start of the experiment. It is suggested that in OOPX rats consuming a low calcium diet, increased NaCl intake causes decreased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and consequently lowered plasma Ca⁺⁺. This results in stimulation of parathyroid hormone secretion and thus increased bone resorption. We conclude that NaCl supplements exacerbate osteopenia in adult OOPX rats consuming a low calcium diet. The effects of high dietary salt intakes on bone loss in postmenopausal women deserve further study.

KEY WORDS: • sodium chloride • oophorectomy • bone resorption • parathyroid function • postmenopausal osteoporosis

¹ Supported by a grant from the Medical Ressearch Council of New Zealand.

Manuscript received 27 December 1983.

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