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Effects of Diet and Energy Intake on Kinetics of Glucose Metabolism in Steers¹

Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, AL 36849

To test the hypothesis that glucose utilization in ruminants is related to energy consumption independent of diet composition or energy content, eight Holstein steers (165–230 kg) were fed either a high grain (70% corn, 20% alfalfa, 8.8% soybean meal) or high hay (70% alfalfa, 28% corn) diet. The two diets were fed in quantities that allowed comparisons to be made either isocalorically based on calculated net energy for gain (NEg) or at identical dry matter intakes. The daily ration was divided into 12 equal portions and dispensed every 2 hours by automatic feeders to achieve steady-state conditions with respect to glucose metabolism. After adaptation to the dietary regimen, rates of glucose irreversible loss were measured following a single injection of 500 µCi of [6-³H]glucose. Glucose irreversible loss also was measured after a 7-day fast. Glucose irreversible loss was equal when both diets were fed isocalorically, was larger among steers fed the grain diet when comparisons were made at equal intakes of dry matter, and increased when the intake of either diet was increased. The increase in glucose irreversible loss with increasing energy intake showed a highly significant linear relationship over the range of intakes for both diets. It was concluded that energy intake, in contrast to diet composition, is responsible for the regulation of glucose irreversible loss.

KEY WORDS: • glucose • glucose turnover • ruminant • energy consumption

¹ Journal Paper No. 4-820196 of the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Project Al 441. Supported in part by funds provided by Auburn University Research Grant-in-Aid No. 76-45. A preliminary paper was presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, see J. Anim. Sci. 49 (Suppl. 1), 381 for abstract.

² The data are part of the thesis, The Effect of Diet and Energy Intake on Glucose Utilization in Steers, submitted by R. K. K. as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree at Auburn University.

Manuscript received 11 July 1983.

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