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Involvement of Food Intake and Amino Acid Catabolism in the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Antagonism in Chicks¹

Department of Poultry and Avian Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853

The role of food intake and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism in the branched-chain amino acid antagonism was investigated. A diet containing crystalline amino acids as the sole source of amino acids was formulated to contain adequate levels of all required nutrients. The basal diet contained 0.60% isoleucine, 0.82% valine and 1.2% leucine. Increasing dietary leucine to 5.0% resulted in reduced food consumption, weight gain, and efficiency of food utilization. These effects were prevented by increasing dietary isoleucine and valine to 0.80 and 1.07%, respectively. When L-[1-¹⁴C]isoleucine or L[1-¹⁴C]valine were included in the diet, the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ exhaled was increased within 24 hours of feeding the 5% leucine diet. The excretion of ¹⁴C was unaffected by leucine. It was determined by force feeding that approximately 70% of the reduced growth rate in chicks fed the leucine-supplemented diet ad libitum could be accounted for by reduced food intake. A portion of the growth depression may be due to increased BCAA catabolism, limiting the availability of valine and isoleucine for growth.

KEY WORDS: • leucine • isoleucine • antagonism • metabolism • food intake • valine

¹ Some of these data were presented at the 1979 Joint Meeting of the American Institute of Nutrition, American Society for Clinical Nutrition and the Nutrition Society of Canada. C. C. Calvert & R. E. Austic J. Nutr. 109(6): xxv, abstract #48 (1979).

² Present address: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616.

³ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 8 June 1981.

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