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Effects of Dietary Protein and Amino Acids on the Metabolism of Cholesterol-Carrying Lipoproteins in Rats^1,2,

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204

The effect of various dietary proteins and amino acids on serum lipid metabolism was studied by using male Sprague-Dawley rats. A stock diet containing casein as a protein source was fed to control animals, whereas a vegetable protein diet (cottonseed based) was fed to one experimental group. Two other experimental diets were formulated to determine if the amino acid ratios in the proteins played a role in the alteration of serum cholesterol levels. One of these diets contained casein plus enough additional arginine to make its arginine-to-lysine ratio similar to that found in cottonseed protein. The other diet contained cottonseed protein plus enough lysine to duplicate the arginine-to-lysine ratio of casein. Rats fed a diet containing protein from animal sources had greater serum and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations as well as increased lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43) activities than those which had been fed a diet containing protein from plant sources. Animals fed arginine-supplemented casein diet showed a decrease in both serum and HDL-cholesterol when compared to the casein control group, whereas the addition of lysine to cottonseed protein diet caused an increase in the same two cholesterol fractions.

KEY WORDS: • dietary protein • HDL-cholesterol • lysine-to-arginine ratio • cottonseed protein • lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase

¹ Supported by Grants from the Natural Fibers and Food Protein Commission of Texas; the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grant No. 587B300243; and the Institutional Research Granting Committee, Texas Woman's University.

² A preliminary report of this work was presented at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Liepa, G. and Park, M. S., Role of Oilseed Proteins in Lipoprotein Metabolism. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 58:7, p.608A.

Manuscript received 8 March 1982.