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Long-Term Effects of Moderate Fructose Feeding on Glucose Tolerance Parameters in Rats¹

Shirley R. Blakely^*, Judith Hallfrisch^*, Sheldon Reiser^* and Elizabeth S. Prather

^* Carbohydrate Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Human Nutrition, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 and Department of Food, Nutrition and Institution Administration, College of Human Ecology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

The effects on glucose tolerance of prolonged fructose feeding, at a level approximating that currently in the American diet, were examined in weanling, male Wistar rats. Two groups of rats were fed ad libitum diets containing either 54% cooked cornstarch (w/w) [CS] or 39% cooked cornstarch plus 15% D-fructose (CSF) for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 15 months. All rats were given an oral glucose tolerance test (250 mg glucose/100 g body weight) after each designated feeding period (hereafter referred to as age groups). Serum insulin and glucose were determined from blood obtained after fasting and , 1, 2 and 3 hours following the glucose load. Neither body weight nor relative food intake (g/day/100 g body weight) differed significantly with diet. Fasting serum insulin increased linearly (r = 0.97) with age in both dietary groups, but was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in CSF- than in CS-fed rats. Fasting serum glucose levels were also higher (P < 0.05) in CSF- than in CS-fed rats. The levels decreased with age (r = -0.61) in CS-fed rats, but increased linearly with age (r = 0.96) in CSF-fed rats. Serum insulin response to the oral glucose load was higher (P < 0.03) in all CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats. The serum glucose response curve following the oral load was significantly higher (P < 0.025) in CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats at 7 months but not at other ages. Liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) activity, measured only in the 3-month group, was higher (P < 0.05) in the CSF-fed rats, indicating higher gluconeogenic activity.

KEY WORDS: • glucose tolerance • fructose • insulin

¹ Data from this study were presented at the 1979 meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Dallas, TX. Fed. Proc. 38, 2859 (abs.). The data are from a dissertation by the first author submitted to the Graduate School, University of Maryland, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree.

Manuscript received 30 June 1980.

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