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Bioavailability of Vitamin B-6 from Wheat Bread in Humans^1,2,3,

Department of Foods and Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

Bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from three types of bread was studied in nine men. Each week one of the three types of bread, whole wheat (WHW), white (W) and W enriched with vitamin B-6 (WB6) was fed (570–600 g/day) to each subject using a Latin square design. The WHW, WB6 and W bread supplied 1.20, 1.18 and 0.35 mg of B-6 daily, respectively. The remaining constant diet supplied 0.38 mg of B-6. When W was fed, the subjects also received an oral dose of pyridoxine to maintain a daily intake of 1.5 mg of vitamin B-6. Dietary, urinary, fecal and blood samples were analyzed for vitamin B-6. Urine was analyzed for 4-pyridoxic acid and the three forms of vitamin B-6. The predominant forms of vitamin B-6 in the diet and urine were pyridoxine and pyridoxal, respectively. Fecal vitamin B-6 excretion was significantly higher (P 0.01) and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion significantly lower (P 0.05) when WHW bread was fed than when either WB6 or W bread was fed. The plasma pyridoxal phosphate level was slightly lower when WHW bread was consumed as compared to when WB6 was fed. There were no significant differences in urinary B-6, plasma B-6 or the activity of the erythrocyte transaminases in relation to the type of bread fed. These data suggest that vitamin B-6 is 5–10% less available from WHW than from WB6 or W bread and an oral dose of B-6. The enrichment of refined wheat flour with pyridoxine is feasible based on the nutritional indices determined in this study.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin B-6 • bioavailability • wheat bread

¹ Paper No. 5334 from the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

² Supported in part by funds from O.A.E.S. and P.H.S. Biomedical Research Support Grant No. RR07079.

³ Taken in part from these submitted by A. D. Perera and D. E. Peffers to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. and M.S. degrees, respectively.

⁴ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

⁵ Present address: Dept. de Technologia dos Aliments de Medicamentos, Fundacao Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laixa Postal 1415, Londrina 86,100, Parana, Brasil.

⁶ Present address: Encino Hospital, Encino, CA 91436.

Manuscript received 13 November 1979.