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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 110 No. 8 August 1980, pp. 1709-1716
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Effects of Branched-Chain {alpha}-Keto Acids on Enzymes Involved in Branched-Chain {alpha}-Keto Acid Metabolism in Rat Tissues

S. Hauschildt and K. Brand

Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstr. 17, 8520 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany

Male albino rats (90–100 g) were fed for 21 days a diet low in nitrogen (7.6% amino acids), devoid of valine, leucine and isoleucine and supplemented with branched-chain {alpha}-keto acids (9.4%; three times the minimal daily requirement of the corresponding amino acids). Pair-fed controls received an isocaloric diet which contained the three branched-chain amino acids (once the minimal daily requirement) instead of the {alpha}-keto acids. All other nutrients were the same in both diets. On day 3, 10 and 21 of the experiment, branched-chain {alpha}-keto acid dehydrogenase and branched-chain amino acid transaminase were measured in rat brain, kidney and liver. Glutamate dehydrogenase was determined in liver only. Ammonia was assayed in plasma, urea in plasma and urine. Plasma and urine urea decreased significantly when changing from the standard diet to both experimental diets, whereas the blood ammonia level remained fairly constant throughout the experiment. Feeding the experimental diets led to a 10-fold or greater decrease in hepatic branched-chain {alpha}-keto acid dehydrogenase activity. No such drastic response to the experimental diets was observed in other organs. Branched-chain amino acid transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were not influenced significantly by the dietary treatment.

KEY WORDS: • branched-chain {alpha}-keto acid dehydrogenase • branched-chain amino acid transaminase • glutamate dehydrogenase • branched chain keto acids

Manuscript received 26 December 1980.




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