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Essentiality of Dietary Carbohydrate for Maintenance of Liver Lipogenesis in the Chick¹

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210

The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain (a) if chick liver fatty acid synthesis was selectively inhibited by polyunsaturated fat, and (b) if dietary fat suppression of chick liver lipogenic activity was due to diet fat addition or carbohydrate deletion. Addition of either saturated (SFA) or poly-unsaturated (PUFA) fat to the diet of chicks at the expense of 12% or 25% carbohydrate calories caused a pronounced reduction in fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid synthetase activity. However, if dietary carbohydrate intake was held constant, the addition of fat failed to lower lipogenic parameters, e.g., ³H₂O incorporated into liver fatty acids was 7.8, 6.9 and 7.7 µmoles per minute per gram liver for fat-free, 20% SFA and 20% PUFA, respectively. PUFA did appear to inhibit fatty acid synthesis more than SFA when 25% carbohydrate calories were replaced by fat, e.g., ³H₂O incorporated into liver fatty acids was reduced 46% and 71% for SFA and PUFA, respectively. In general, fatty acid synthesis in the chick, unlike the rat, exhibited no differential response to type of fat. More importantly, when carbohydrate intake was held constant, fat had no inhibitive action on chick fatty acid synthesis. Thus, the suppression of chick liver fatty acid synthesis by diet fat was not direct, but rather secondary to deletion of carbohydrate from the diet.

KEY WORDS: • liver • fatty acid synthesis • polyunsaturated fat • carbohydrate • chick

¹ This investigation was supported by Research Grant HL-23159 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.

² To whom reprint requests should be addressed: Department of Food Science and Nutrition. The Ohio State University, 2121 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210.

Manuscript received 26 December 1979.