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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 110 No. 7 July 1980, pp. 1497-1505
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Effects of Linolenic Acid Deficiency on the Fatty Acid Patterns in Plasma and Liver Cholesteryl Esters, Triglycerides and Phospholipids in Female Rats1

J. Tinoco, G. Endemann, I. Hincenbergs, B. Medwadowski, P. Miljanich and M. A. Williams

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720

These experiments were performed to measure the effects of linolenate deficiency upon neutral lipids of plasma and liver, and to search for a metabolic interaction between dietary choline and linolenic acid. Rats were fed for two generations on a linolenic acid-deficient diet containing methyl linoleate as the only source of lipid. Control rats were supplemented with methyl linolenate. Second-generation linolenate-deficient rats and control rats were fed low-methionine, choline-deficient diets for 2 weeks. Half the animals in each group were given choline-supplemented diets. Plasma and liver total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and major phospholipid classes, and the fatty acids of these classes were measured. Linolenic acid deficiency reduced the concentrations of plasma triglycerides in both choline-deficient and choline-supplemented rats. Evidence for a metabolic interaction between choline and linolenic acid was not obtained because the rats responded very weakly to the choline deficiency. Linolenate deficiency reduced the proportions of n-3 fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3, in all the lipids analyzed.

KEY WORDS: • linolenic acid • docosahexaenoic acid • n-3 fatty acids • essential fatty acid • eicosapentaenoic acid

1 This work was supported in part by USPHS Grant AM10166 and by Cooperative Regional Project NC-95, California Agricultural Experiment Station.

Manuscript received 17 September 1979.




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