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Effect of Dietary Protein Quality and Quantity on Hepatic Polyribosome Profiles in Rats¹

Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 464

The effects of quality and quantity of various dietary proteins on hepatic polysome profiles in rats were investigated. Rats were adapted to a feeding period of 5 hours (meal-fed) per day and meal-fed 0, 5, 10, 25, 50 or 70% casein diet. In other experiments rats were fed various levels of wheat-gluten, corn-gluten, gelatin or whole egg protein diets. To begin with, polysome distributions caused by the changes in levels of dietary proteins were investigated. The monomer-dimer fraction of ribosomes diminished after feeding meals containing casein or whole egg protein; this effect reached a plateau for values of casein above 20% or for egg protein above 7%. The diets which contained various levels of gelatin did not cause the aggregation of polyribosomes and the polyribosome profile was the same as in the case of protein-free diet. When diets containing 5 or 10% protein were fed, the aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes was highest with whole egg protein as the protein source, followed by casein, corn-gluten, wheat-gluten and gelatin in that order. These results suggested that polysome profiles might be helpful as a measure of protein quality and possibly to determine the protein requirement.

KEY WORDS: • polysome pattern • dietary protein • meal-feeding • liver protein synthesis

¹ Supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Education, Japan.

Manuscript received 7 September 1979.