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Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Chicken Liver by Dietary Cereals^1,2,

Asaf A. Qureshi, Warren C. Burger, Neville Prentice, Herbert R. Bird^* and Milton L. Sunde^*

USDA, SEA, Barley and Malt Laboratory, 501 N. Walnut St., Madison, WI 53705, Department of Agronomy ^* Department of Poultry Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706

The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2), fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.88) were determined in subcellular fractions of livers from chicks fed different cereal-based diets. With a barley-based diet as compared to corn, the following was observed: body and liver weights decreased 31%; HMG-CoA reductase activity of liver decreased 79%; acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increased 3-fold; fatty acid synthesis increased 5-fold, and plasma and liver cholesterol decreased 45% and 35%, respectively. The suppression and induction of activities of the two divergent pathways (cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis) persisted for at least 21 days. Wheat, oats and rye showed a similar but less pronounced effect. The pronounced decrease in plasma cholesterol level and HMG-CoA reductase activity have implications for human nutrition and possible control of the cardiovascular diseases in which cholesterol plays a key role.

KEY WORDS: • cereal feeding • cholesterol biosynthesis • plasma cholesterol • liver enzymes • HMG-CoA reductase • fatty acid synthetase • acetyl-CoA carboxylase • chicks

¹ Cooperative investigation between the Science and Education Administration. U.S. Department of Agriculture and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53705.

Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.

² A preliminary report of this work was presented at the XIth International Congress of Biochemistry. Toronto, Canada, July 8–13, 1979, Abstract No. 04-2-830, p. 256.

Manuscript received 23 July 1979.

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