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Effect of Type of Dietary Fat on Plasma and Tissue Cholesterol of Calves^1,2,3,

Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of liquid milk diets with varying proportions of beef tallow (T) and soybean oil (SBO), with and without dry feed, on cholesterol concentrations in blood and other tissues of nonruminating calves. In experiment 1, 4–10-day-old male Holstein calves were fed for 15 weeks a reconstituted milk containing 9% or 12% dried skim milk and 2% SBO, 2% T or 3.5% T. Plasma cholesterol and cholesterol content (% of dry matter) of muscle, liver, omental fat and perirenal fat were greater (P < 0.05) for calves fed the 2% SBO diet. No significant differences were observed in cholesterol concentrations of the aorta, coronary arteries, brain or spleen. Experiment 2 used 4–10-day-old male Holstein calves to study the effect of 2% fat diets formulated in ratios of SBO 2/3:T 1/3 and SBO 1/3:T 2/3 and to observe the effect of dry feed added to 2% T and 2% SBO diets. Tallow and SBO fed in weighted combinations affected plasma and tissue cholesterol concentrations like the predominant fat fed alone. The greatest increases in plasma and tissue cholesterol concentrations occurred in calves fed SBO diets. Dry feed supplementation decreased body cholesterol concentrations of calves fed either fat. Body weight gain of calves fed SBO was less in both experiments.

KEY WORDS: • calves • soybean oil • tallow • blood cholesterol • tissue cholesterol

¹ Supported in part by funds provided by the Iowa Beef Industry Council.

² Journal Paper No. J-9441 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. IA, Project 2184.

³ This study was reported to the Joint Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal Science, July 9–13, 1978, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, ASAS Abstract #517.

⁴ Present address: Department of Human and Food Nutrition. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

⁵ To whom reprint requests should be sent.

Manuscript received 4 June 1979.