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Effects of High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function of the Chick¹

Division of Foods and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E2, and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8

Duplicate experiments were conducted to compare energy utilization, growth, cardiac mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial membrane fatty acid composition of chicks fed diets containing 20 parts of high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HER), low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LER) or sunflower seed oil (SFO) for 24 days. Chicks fed diets containing HER deposited less fat and utilized energy less efficiently (kcal gained/kcal consumed) than chicks fed diets containing either LER or SFO. Energetic efficiency and fat deposition of chicks pair-fed diets containing LER were significantly lower than for chicks fed diets containing SFO. Cardiac mitochondria isolated from chicks fed diets containing either HER or LER for 24 days had significantly reduced ADP/O ratios and reduced rates of ATP synthesis utilizing pyruvate and malate as the respiratory substrates when compared with mitochondria isolated from chicks fed SFO. Diet induced transitions in fatty acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial membranes were also observed. The composition of fat ingested affected the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial diphosphatidyl glycerol more than the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The linoleic acid content of mitochondrial diphosphatidyl glycerol was lower and the gadoleic acid and erucic acid content higher for chicks fed diets containing rapeseed oils than for chicks fed SFO containing diets. These studies indicate that a complex dynamic mechanism exists associating dietary fat with mitochondrial structural-functional changes and energetic efficiency in the growing chick.

KEY WORDS: • chicks • rapeseed oil • energy utilization • mitochondrial function

¹ The support of this work by the National Research Council of Canada, the Rapeseed Association of Canada, and the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute is gratefully acknowledged.

² Requests for reprints should be addressed to Ruth Renner, Faculty of Home Economics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E2.

³ S. M. Innis (nee Wilson), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8.

Manuscript received 26 April 1978.