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Vitamin A Deficiency and the Metabolism of Glycosaminoglycans and Ascorbic Acid in the Rat

Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, and the Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, ² Davis, California 95616

Weanling rats were fed diets with and without the addition of retinyl palmitate at 6,500 units/kg. The supplemented groups were fed either ad libitum or food was restricted daily to that amount consumed by the group of rats receiving the unsupplemented diet. After a 10 week experimental period, signs of vitamin A deficiency were observed (growth plateau, xerophthalmia) and liver values as retinol were only 1% of control values. Relative to the two control groups, vitamin A deficiency resulted in approximately 30% lower liver, 50% lower blood and 40% lower urinary ascorbic acid. Vitamin A deficiency did not appear to result in significant and direct impairment of GAG sulfate metabolism. Although the total amount of GAG in rat skin was increased, the composition of GAG fractions did not appear to be altered by vitamin A deficiency. Studies regarding the incorporation and disappearance of ³⁵S-sulfate in vivo into GAG fractions obtained from skin indicated no serious impairment in GAG turnover with vitamin A deficiency. Twenty-four hour urine samples were also collected for estimation of ³⁵SO₄ excreted in GAG and non-GAG fractions. Likewise, little change was observed with respect to radioactivity associated with sulfate fractions excreted in urine. Although many previous studies have directly linked vitamin A with sulfation of GAG, the results reported here suggest, that if there is an alteration in GAG sulfate metabolism, it is probably an indirect consequence of vitamin A status.

KEY WORDS: • vitamin A • glycosaminoglycans • ascorbic acid

¹ Dr. M. Mohanram was supported by N1H Research Grant F05TW2039 as an International Research Fellow from the National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jamai-Osmiania. Hyderabad-7, India.

² To whom correspondence should be directed.

Manuscript received 19 September 1975.