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Effect of Essential and Nonessential Fatty Acids in Complex Mixture on Fatty Acid Composition of Liver Lipids¹

Home Economics Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 and The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912

Linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, docosahexaenoate and six other fatty acids were major components of 24 ester preparations fed as 5% of the diet for 60 days to groups of male white rats. The experiment was designed so as to provide that all major fatty acid components were independent of each other in the sense that the intake of each was poorly correlated with the intake of any of the others. Fatty acid compositions of liver lipids were determined and were related to the composition of the diet lipids. Linolenate and docosahexaenoate contents of diet and tissue revealed the same relationships reported previously from experiments in which individual pure acid esters were added to a fat-free diet. Linoleate, when fed in lipid mixtures, was more effective in raising the linoleate concentration in liver lipids than when fed alone, but this increase did not change the shape of the dose-response curve or the estimated nutritional requirement. Large amounts of fish oil in the diet tended to depress the arachidonate concentration in tissue lipids.

KEY WORDS: • essential fatty acids • polyunsaturated fatty acids • dietary fatty acids • linoleate • linolenate • arachidonate • docosahexaenoate • liver

¹ This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Grant AM 04524 from the National Institutes of Health: Public Health Service Research Grant HL 08214 from the Program Projects Branch. Extramural Programs. National Heart Institate: and by The Hormel Foundation, all to the University of Minnesota, and by Public Health Service Grant AM 08595 to the University of Georgia.

² Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Home Economies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.

³ Most of the data presented in this report came from the thesis submitted by James W. Andrews. Jr. to the University of Georgia in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph.D. degree.

⁴ Present address: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, Georgta 31406.

⁵ Uranit GmbH, 517 Juelich, Postfach 1411, Germany.

⁶ The Hormel Institute. University of Minnesota, Anstin, Minnesota 55912.

Manuscript received 26 March 1976.