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Disparate Hydration of Adipose and Lean Tissue Require a New Model for Body Water Distribution in Man

Body Composition Unit, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York City 10025

The intra and extracellular fluid spaces in adipose tissue were determined by ³H₂O, ⁸²Br, and ³⁵SO₄⁼ uptake, and by appropriate chemical methods, in surgical biopsy material from 16 patients undergoing elective laparatomy. Total water space for adipose tissue was 14 ± 1.4%; extracellular component was 11 ± 1.1% in mesenteric and subcutaneous depots. Use of these adipose tissue hydration constants, combined with measurements of total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), total body potassium, and experimentally derived age-specific constants for lean body potassium content, permits development of a four compartment model for body water which considers intra and extracellular components separately for adipose (AT) and adipose-free (AFM) tissue masses. This model has the form TBW = 0.14 (AT) + x(AFM), and ECW = 0.11 (AT) + y(AFM) where x is the total hydration and y the extracellular hydration of the adipose-free mass. The equations can be solved for the ECW and ICW of the adipose-free mass, defined by its potassium content. In four normal subjects, x was measured as 0.80 ± 0.032, and y as 0.24 ± 0.017. Thus, the adipose free mass, compared with adipose tissue, has approximately six times the total water and twice the extracellular water content per unit weight.

KEY WORDS: • adipose tissue • adipose free mass • total body water • intracellular water • extracellular water

Manuscript received 9 June 1975.

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