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Bioavailability of Different Sources of Dietary Iron Fed to Pitman-Moore Miniature Pigs¹

Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Prevention of Fe deficiency was studied with eight Pitman-Moore miniature pigs in each of seven groups. From 5 to 33 days of age the animals received identical cereal-milk diets except for Fe content: diet 1, no added Fe (8 ppm); diet 2, ferrous sulfate; diet 3, catalytically reduced Fe; diet 4, electrolytic Fe powder; diet 5, sodium Fe pyrophosphate; diet 6, ferripolyphosphate powder; diet 7, disodium Fe EDTA. Diets 2–7 provided 64 to 69 ppm of supplemental Fe. Body weight and gain in weight of pigs fed diet 1 did not differ significantly from those of pigs fed diets 2–7; however, gain in body weight between 21 and 28 days of the feeding trial was significantly less in pigs fed diets 1 or 5 than in pigs fed diets 2, 6 or 7. Final Hb and hematocrit values were less than initial values in pigs fed diets 1, 3, 4 and 5. The change in Hb, hematocrit and total Hb Fe of pigs fed diets 1, 3 or 5 differed significantly from those of pigs fed diets 2, 6 or 7. The efficiency with which supplemental Fe was incorporated into Hb ranged between 27 and 30% in pigs fed diets 2, 6 or 7, was 21% in pigs fed diet 4 and approximately 10% in pigs fed diets 3 or 5. Pigs fed diet 1 differed from those fed the other diets in the following manner: liver weight was significantly less; weights of spleen, heart and kidney were significantly greater; less of an intraperitoneal injection of ⁵⁹Fe was retained in Hb and in organs; of the retained ⁵⁹Fe, significantly less was found in Hb and significantly more in tissues. Fe status as measured by Hb and hematocrit appeared to be inversely correlated with ⁵⁹Fe concentration in liver, spleen, kidney and heart.

KEY WORDS: • Fe bioavailability • Hb formation • ⁵⁹Fe metabolism • infant cereals

¹ Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant no. HD-01784.

Manuscript received 6 November 1973.