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Effect of Dietary Free Gossypol on Blood Components and Tissue Iron in Swine and Rats^{1 ,2}

Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607

Pigs were fed a diet that contained 0.06% free gossypol for 43 days. Before the pigs showed symptoms associated with gossypol toxicity, the hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced. The serum iron-binding capacity and total serum protein were reduced by approximately 20% which was attributed to an effect of gossypol on protein synthesis. Also, the liver iron concentration was lower in the gossypol-fed pigs. The data indicated that gossypol may have formed a complex with iron in the liver and the gossypol-iron complex was secreted from that organ via the bile which decreased the liver iron concentration. In a 2 x 2 factorial rat experiment, there was an effect of gossypol which lowered the hemoglobin and hematocrit and an iron x gossypol interaction that reduced the liver iron concentration. It was found that the ratio of free to bound gossypol deposited in the liver is dependent on the liver iron concentration.

KEY WORDS: • gossypol • iron • liver • rat • swine

¹ Supported in part by Public Health Service Grant no. AM-07039. It is Paper no. 4140 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, N. C. Use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of the products mentioned.

² The material in this paper has been presented to the graduate faculty of North Carolina State University by Charles L. Skutches in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Animal Science.

³ Predoctoral Trainee under Grant 5 TO1 GM00482-13 of the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences of the U. S. Public Health Service. Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

Manuscript received 6 August 1973.