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Comparative Effects of Oral and Parenteral Feeding on Pancreatic Enzymes in the Rat

Unite de Recherches dietetiques, Inserm, Hospital Bichat, 170 Bd. Ney, 75018 Paris, France

The levels of exocrine enzymes (lipase, amylase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen) in homogenates of rat pancreas were compared in animals taking the major component of the diet (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins) either intravenously or orally. Feeding rats diets enriched with starch or glucose, at the expense of fat, increased amylase and decreased lipase. When glucose was provided intravenously, the effect on pancreatic enzymes was similar to that obtained with glucose fed orally. Feeding rats diets enriched with lard or with oleic acid, at the expense of carbohydrates, raised lipase and diminished amylase. When lipid was given intravenously, the pancreatic enzyme pattern was similar to that when lipid was fed orally. A high casein diet increased both proteases and also lipase compared with a high starch diet. An amino acid mixture given orally or intravenously was without effect compared with a high starch diet fed orally, except that a high amino acid diet fed orally decreased lipase activity. These findings support the hypothesis that lipase and amylase are induced by end products of digestion appearing in the blood, whereas proteins induce their respective enzymes by another mechanism.

KEY WORDS: • exocrine pancreatic enzymes • parenteral nutrition

¹ Present address: Metabolic and Nutrition Research Unit, St. Luke's Hospital Center, Amsterdam Avenue and 114th Street, New York, New York 10025.

Manuscript received 26 March 1974.

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