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Effects of Dietary Manipulation on Adipose Tissue Glycerokinase Activity and Plasma Metabolite Levels in the Chicken (Gallus domesticus)1

R. F. Welton2, R. J. Martin, R. W. Scholz3 and B. R. Baumgardt

Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

The recent development of sensitive radiochemical assays has facilitated the detection of glycerokinase activity in adipose tissue. However, the effects of dietary manipulation on the activity of this enzyme in adipose tissue have not been investigated. Experiments were conducted to:

1) detect and characterize glycerokinase activity in the chicken;
2) compare relative changes in glycerokinase activity in lean and obese laying hens, and
3) examine the physiological effects of dietary manipulation on glycerokinase activity in the laying hen and growing chicken.
Adipose tissue glycerokinase activity was detected in the chicken by a radiochemical assay which appeared sensitive enough to measure nanomoles per hour (units) of enzyme activity. Obese laying hens appeared to have higher glycerokinase activity than lean hens but this difference was not statistically significant. Fasting and refeeding laying hens produced significant changes in enzyme activity and plasma glycerol concentration, but plasma glucose was not affected. Feeding a high fat (carbohydrate-free) diet to growing cockerels significantly increased plasma glycerol and appeared to increase glycerokinase activity above the control diet (high carbohydrate). Glycerokinase activity was not correlated with plasma glycerol but was significantly correlated with abdominal fat pad weight of the cockerels. These results indicate that the physiological importance of glycerokinase in chicken adipose tissue appears to be positively correlated with the degree of obesity.

KEY WORDS: • Adipose • glycerokinase • activity • chicken

1 Authorized for publication October 13, 1972 as paper no. 4317 in the journal series of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station.

2 Present address: Mutual Products Ltd., Morrisburg, Ontario, Canada.

3 Present address: Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. 16802.

Manuscript received 7 November 1972.




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