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Development of Renal Gluconeogenesis in Chicks Fed High Fat and High Protein "Carbohydrate-free" Diets¹

Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802

The activities of selected liver and kidney enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis and the capacity of kidney slices to form glucose from glycerol and pyruvate were studied in developing chick embryos and in hatched chicks during adaptation to high fat (HF) and high protein (HP) "carbohydrate-free" diets. Although the specific pattern of development for each enzyme differed, the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glycerol kinase (GK) and L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) were higher in embryonic liver than kidney from 13 days of incubation to hatching. Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity was higher in embryonic kidney than liver. The activities of all four enzymes increased in liver and kidney of hatched chicks, reaching peak values within 10 days. Chicks fed the HF diet exhibited decreased liver PEPCK, increased kidney PEPCK, increased liver and kidney GK and unchanged liver and kidney XDH activities as compared with controls. The activities of liver and kidney PEPCK, GK, and XDH were increased in chicks fed the HP diet as compared with controls. No dietary effects on liver or kidney GPDH activity were detected. Glucose formation from glycerol and pyruvate was increased in kidney slices of chicks fed the "carbohydrate-free" diets. The data suggest that renal gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, and hence from glucogenic amino acids, may be of greater relative significance than glucose formation from glycerol.

KEY WORDS: • renal gluconeogenesis • kidney slices • phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase • glycerol kinase • xanthine dehydrogenase • L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

¹ Journal Series Paper no. 4237, Agricultural Experiment Station, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

Manuscript received 19 June 1972.