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Dietary Calcium and Fluoride Interactions in Swine: Effects on Physical and Chemical Bone Characteristics, Calcium Binding Protein and Histology of Adults^{1, 2,}

Department of Animal Science, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

The effects of diets containing 0.5% calcium and 0.4% phosphorus or 1.2% calcium and 1.0% phosphorus and 0, 30, 150, or 450 ppm additional fluoride on pigs fed to market weight and on first and second generation sows after 0, 1 or 2 lactations were studied. Growth and remodeling of bones were generally affected by both levels of calcium-phosphorus and fluoride, but effects were not always present or consistent in different groups of animals. High fluoride caused shorter and thicker bones but generally had no effect on their density, whereas high calcium-phosphorus levels increased bone density. Sows responded differently to treatments depending on beginning age and whether they experienced the stresses of pregnancy and lactation. Fluoride concentrations of bone increased in relation to fluoride content of the feed; high dietary calcium-phosphorus lowered bone fluoride concentration, an effect more pronounced at higher fluoride levels, constituting a calcium-phosphorus level x fluoride interaction. Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in bone were unchanged. Duodenal calcium-binding protein was higher in sows receiving low calcium diets, indicating some adaptation to calcium intake. No lesions of soft tissues were found. Sows receiving high fluoride levels showed greater subperiosteal activity and abnormal collagen matrix in bone.

KEY WORDS: • calcium • fluoride • bone • swine

¹ Supported in part by NIH Grant GM-1221 and by funds from the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.

² Data are from portions of a thesis submitted to Cornell University by Dale M. Forsyth in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

³ Present address: Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

⁴ Department of Physical Biology, New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850.

⁵ Department of Pathology, New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850.

Manuscript received 8 March 1972.