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Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition^1,2,3,

Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331

The fatty acid composition of the liver, heart, kidney, brain and body lipids of fish fed either a fat-free diet or those containing known amounts of oleic, linoleic, or linolenic was determined. A fat-free diet or one containing oleic acid as a sole lipid source resulted in elevated levels of eicosatrienoic acid (20:39). Dietary linoleate and linolenate both depressed the triene levels. The former acid elevated 20:46 and 22:56 concentrations and the latter increased 22:63 tissue levels. Dietary lipids affected the fatty acid composition of phospholipids to a greater degree than those in the neutral lipids. The demonstrated requirement for the 3 fatty acids by fish suggest that the 20:39/22:63 ratio in the phospholipid fraction be used as an index of essential fatty acid nutrition. Fish receiving 0.7% or more of linolenate in the diet had 20:39/22:63 ratios of less than 0.4. Diets which produce this ratio value or less appear to be adequate in the 3 fatty acids (linolenate series) and fulfill the nutritional requirements of young fish as judged by growth and other physiological parameters.

KEY WORDS: • rainbow trout • lipid metabolism • fatty acid composition • eicosatetraenoic acid • linolenic acid

¹ Taken in part from a dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of Oregon State University by John D. Castell in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

² Supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Institutional Sea Grant GH 97.

³ Technical Paper no. 3073, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.

⁴ Present address: Flsheries Research Board of Canada, Halifax Laboratory, P. O. Box 429, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

⁵ Address reprint requests to: R. O. Sinnhuber, Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.

Manuscript received 16 April 1971.