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Interaction of Dietary Fat and Thyroid Function with Hepatic and Renal Gluconeogenesis of Rats

Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

The influence of thyroid function on the capacity for glucose formation in rats fed a high carbohydrate or a high fat diet was investigated with the use of propylthiouracil and L-thyroxine. The food intake, growth rate and blood glucose level of rats fed the high fat diet were depressed in hypothyroidism produced by feeding 0.01% propylthiouracil. However, rats fed the high carbohydrate diet were unaffected by feeding 0.01% or 0.05% propylthiouracil. The hepatic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was decreased significantly by feeding propylthiouracil, while the renal activity of glucose-6-phosphatase did not show any significant change in either of these dietary groups. Moreover, percentage decline of activity due to propylthiouracil was greater in the high fat group than in the high carbohydrate group. L-Thyroxine injected intraperitoneally caused significant increases in the hepatic and renal activities of glucose-6-phosphatase of rats fed the high carbohydrate diet. The effects of thyroxine and the high fat diet were additive in the liver, whereas no change in the renal activity was observed. These findings support the hypothesis that increases in the capacity for glucose formation and glucose-6-phosphatase activity with dietary fat, which are observed in the liver only, might be related to increased thyroid activity as a consequence of feeding a high fat diet.