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Journal of Nutrition Vol. 100 No. 9 September 1970, pp. 1073-1080
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Significance of Insulin in the Metabolic Adaptation of Rats to Meal Ingestion1

Joyce H. Wiley and Gilbert A. Leveille

Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801

Insulin has been shown to be involved in the adaptive response of the rat to meal-feeding (the ingestion of a single, daily, 2-hour meal). It is proposed that insulin plays an important role in the improved glucose tolerance of the meal-fed rat. Greater insulin sensitivity in meal-fed as compared to nibbling rats was indicated by an intravenous insulin sensitivity assay. Results presented indicate that adipose tissue and not muscle was responsible for the meal-fed rat's increased insulin sensitivity. Maximal rates of fatty acid synthesis by isolated adipose tissue were obtained with lower concentrations of insulin for tissue of meal-fed than for nibbling rats. The insulin-stimulated conversion of glucose to glycogen by isolated diaphragm muscle was not influenced by meal-feeding. The intravenous administration of tracer amounts of glucose-U-14C with or without insulin resulted in a greater insulin-stimuLated conversion of glucose to fatty acids by adipose tissue of meal-fed than of nibbling rats. The uptake of glucose and its conversion to glycogen in diaphragm muscle was similar for both groups of animals. A higher circulating level of immunoreactive insulin in meal-eating rats further implicates this hormone as being involved in the meal-feeding response. The significance of these observations to the lipogenic and glycogenic adaptations in the meal-fed rat is discussed.

1 Supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grant no. AM-10774 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.

Manuscript received 13 April 1970.




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